Abstract
Background
Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment are common in heart failure
(HF) patients, but there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding their relationship
and effects on exercise capacity.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between exercise capacity and
anxiety, depression, and cognition in HF patients.
Methods
This was a secondary analysis on the baseline data of the Italian subsample (n = 96) of HF patients enrolled in the HF-Wii study. Data was collected with the 6-minute
walk test (6MWT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
Results
The HF patients walked an average of 222 (SD 114) meters on the 6MWT. Patients exhibited
clinically elevated anxiety (48%), depression (49%), and severe cognitive impairment
(48%). Depression was independently associated with the distance walked on the 6MWT.
Conclusions
The results of this study reinforced the role of depression in relation to exercise
capacity and call for considering strategies to reduce depressive symptoms to improve
outcomes of HF patients.
Keywords
Abbreviation:
6MWT (6-minute walk test), BMI (body mass index), CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), HF (heart failure), ICBT (internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy), MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), NYHA (New York Heart Association), QOL (quality of life), SD (standard deviation), SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), VIF (variance inflation factor)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 06, 2018
Accepted:
July 17,
2018
Received in revised form:
July 11,
2018
Received:
April 23,
2018
Footnotes
Funding: The HF-Wii study was supported by the Swedish National Science Council (K2013-69X-22302-01-3), The Swedish Heart and Lung Association (E085/12 and E120/15), The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20130340), the Vårdal Foundation (2014–0018), the Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS 474681), and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (VR-FORTE) 2014–4100.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
