Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 28-35 , January 2008

Clinical exacerbations as a surrogate end point in heart failure research

  • Steven L. Sayers, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Steven L. Sayers, PhD, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University and Woodland Avenues, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.
    • ,
  • Barbara Riegel, DNSc, RN, CS, FAAN

      Affiliations

    • School of Nursing of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Lee R. Goldberg, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
    • ,
  • James C. Coyne, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • ,
  • Frederick F. Samaha, MD

      Affiliations

    • Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References 

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  4. Lucas C, Johnson W, Hamilton MA, et al. Freedom from congestion predicts good survival despite previous class IV symptoms of heart failure. Am Heart J. 2000;140(6):840–847
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  7. Harding S, Sayers S, Dieke A, et al. Exacerbations of heart failure as an index of treatment outcome. (abstr.) Ann Behav Med. 2003;(Suppl):S141
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  13. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2005 Update. 2005;Vol. 2005. Dallas, TX
  14. McCullough PA, Philbin EF, Spertus JA, et al. Confirmation of a heart failure epidemic: findings from the Resource Utilization Among Congestive Heart Failure (REACH) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(1):60–69
  15. Philbin EF, DiSalvo TG. Influence of race and gender on care process, resource use, and hospital-based outcomes in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(1):76–81
  16. Alexander M, Grumbach K, Remy L, et al. Congestive heart failure hospitalizations and survival in California: patterns according to race/ethnicity. Am Heart J. 1999;137(5):919–927
  17. Exner DV, Dries DL, Domanski MJ, et al. Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(18):1351–1357
  18. Gillum RF. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in black Americans. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(21):1597–1599
  19. Dries DL, Exner DV, Gersh BJ, et al. Racial differences in the outcome of left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(8):609–616
  20. Wong MD, Shapiro MF, Boscardin WJ, et al. Contribution of major diseases to disparities in mortality. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(20):1585–1592
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  22. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary (A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(7):2101–2113
  23. Fleiss JL. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psych Bull. 1971;76:378–382
  24. Spertus J, Peterson E, Conard MW, et al. Monitoring clinical changes in patients with heart failure: a comparison of methods. Am Heart J. 2005;150(4):707–715
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 This work was supported by grant 0265447U from the American Heart Association, a VISN 4 Competitive Pilot Project Fund grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center of VISN 4. The project was performed at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Health System.

PII: S0147-9563(07)00044-1

doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.02.002

Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care
Volume 37, Issue 1 , Pages 28-35 , January 2008

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