Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care
Volume 35, Issue 6 , Pages 405-411 , November 2006

Content validity and the language of breathing

  • Cathy Michaels, PhD, RN, FAAN

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Cathy Michaels, PhD, RN, FAAN, The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, 1350 N. Martin, PO Box 210203, Tucson, AZ 85721.

References 

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  4. Simon PM, Schwartzstein R, Weiss J, LaHive K, Fencle V, Teghtsoonian M, et al. Distinguishable types of dyspnea in patients with shortness of breath. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:1009–1014
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  8. Scano G, Stendardi L, Grazzini M. Understanding dyspnoea by its language. Eur J Respir Dis. 2005;25:380–385
  9. Michaels C, Meek PM. The language of breathing among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung. 2004;33:390–400
  10. Leventhal H. Symptom reporting: a focus on process. In:  McHugh S,  Vallis TM editor. Illness behavior: a multidisciplinary model. New York: Plenum Press; 1986;p. 219–237
  11. Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;36:382–385
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 Supported by Grant 5R29NRO1437 from the National Institute of Nursing Research.

PII: S0147-9563(06)00125-7

doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.05.002

Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care
Volume 35, Issue 6 , Pages 405-411 , November 2006

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